+ - 0:00:00
Notes for current slide
Notes for next slide

On the influence of the menstrual cycle on female athlete performance

A case study of cycling

Juliana Antero · Tom Chassard · Steven Golovkine · Alice Meigné

SIM Talk

September 19, 2023

1 / 14

Presentation of the project




cycle
Schema of a menstrual cycle (adapted from (McNulty, Elliott-Sale, Dolan, Swinton, Ansdell, Goodall, Thomas, and Hicks, 2020)).
2 / 14

Cycling

cycling
3 / 14

Power Data

observation
Examples of data recorded from training.
4 / 14

Mean Maximal Power Curves

  • Consider some generic exercise which last T seconds.

  • Let Z={zt,t=1,2,,T} a sequence of observation of the power output.

  • Assume that, given t1,t2 two time stamps such that t2>t1, t2t1 is constant.

  • An MMP curve is defined as X(t)=maxt2t1=tzt1++zt2t2t1.

5 / 14

Mean Maximal Power Curves

ppr
MMP per phase.
6 / 14

Mean per phase

mean_ppr
Mean per phase.
7 / 14

Standard deviation per phase

mean_ppr
Standard deviation per phase.
8 / 14

Tests for the difference of the means



follicular_luteal follicular_menses menses_luteal
Confidence bands for the difference of the means (Liebl and Reimherr, 2022).
9 / 14

Model

  • MMP curves consist of random realizations from a stochastic process X={X(t):t[1,7200]} with continuous trajectories.

  • We consider the following model Xijl(t)=μj(t)+Bjl(t)+Eijl(t) where

    • Xijl(t): MMP output for a particular observation.
    • μj(t): fixed effect for the phase of the menstrual cycle.
    • Bjl(t): phase-specific functional random intercept for training.
    • Eijl(t): smooth error term accounting for observation-specific variability.
10 / 14

Eigenfunctions


follicular luteal
Phase specific means with the functional random intercept for trainings (Cederbaum, 2017).
11 / 14

Takeaway ideas

  • Power output data exhibits the variable nature of performance in women's professional cycling.

  • May help the athletes to have a better understanding of their performance regarding their menstrual cycle.

  • Hard to give a definitive conclusion of the influence of menstrual cycle on the performance here!

  • Add more menstrual cycles, determine a better classification of the trainings and include a random effect for athletes.

12 / 14

Thanks!

13 / 14

References

Cederbaum, J. (2017). “Functional linear mixed models for complex correlation structures and general sampling grids”. Text.PhDThesis.

Liebl, D. and M. Reimherr (2022). Fast and Fair Simultaneous Confidence Bands for Functional Parameters. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1910.00131. arXiv: 1910.00131 [math, stat].

McNulty, K. L., K. J. Elliott-Sale, E. Dolan, et al. (2020). “The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Exercise Performance in Eumenorrheic Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. In: Sports Medicine 50.10, pp. 1813–1827. ISSN: 1179-2035. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01319-3.

14 / 14

Presentation of the project




cycle
Schema of a menstrual cycle (adapted from (McNulty, Elliott-Sale, Dolan, Swinton, Ansdell, Goodall, Thomas, and Hicks, 2020)).
2 / 14
Paused

Help

Keyboard shortcuts

, , Pg Up, k Go to previous slide
, , Pg Dn, Space, j Go to next slide
Home Go to first slide
End Go to last slide
Number + Return Go to specific slide
b / m / f Toggle blackout / mirrored / fullscreen mode
c Clone slideshow
p Toggle presenter mode
t Restart the presentation timer
?, h Toggle this help
Esc Back to slideshow